Collection of Internet/Collection of Internet.iso/faq/sci/space/diff

Internet Message Format | 1994-04-04 | 28KB

Path: bloom-beacon.mit.edu!hookup!swrinde!emory!news-feed-2.peachnet.edu!concert!ashe.cs.unc.edu!not-for-mail
From: [e-mail] (Jon Leech)
Newsgroups: sci.space.tech,sci.space.science,sci.astro,sci.answers,news.answers
Subject: Diffs to sci.space/sci.astro Frequently Asked Questions
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Date: 3 Apr 1994 18:49:29 -0400
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Xref: bloom-beacon.mit.edu sci.space.tech:1311 sci.space.science:348 sci.astro:29418 sci.answers:1058 news.answers:17641

Archive-name: space/diff

    Significant changes: added items on GeoSphere full-Earth image, Mars
Direct, NPO Energia email address, Clementine imagery FTP address. New
references for items on nearby stars and shuttle computers.

DIFFS SINCE LAST FAQ POSTING (IN POSTING ORDER)

(These are hand-edited context diffs; do not attempt to use them to patch
old copies of the FAQ).

============ Changes in FAQ.intro ============
*** /tmp/old.intro    Sun Apr  3 18:46:34 1994
--- /tmp/current.intro    Sun Apr  3 18:46:34 1994
***************
*** 123,128 ****
--- 123,129 ----
            Orbital Element Sets
            SPACE Digest Archives
            World-Wide-Web (WWW)
+            GeoSphere Project (full Earth image)
            Landsat & NASA Photos
            Planetary Maps
            Cometary Orbits
***************
*** 137,143 ****
            Performing N-body simulations efficiently
            Interpreting the FITS image format
            Sky (Unix ephemeris program)
!            Three-dimensional star/galaxy coordinates

      5*    References on specific areas
        (See "space/references")
--- 138,144 ----
            Performing N-body simulations efficiently
            Interpreting the FITS image format
            Sky (Unix ephemeris program)
!            Nearby star/galaxy coordinates

      5*    References on specific areas
        (See "space/references")
***************
*** 149,154 ****
--- 150,156 ----
            LLNL "great exploration"
            Lunar Prospector
            Lunar science and activities
+            Mars Direct / Lunar Direct
            Orbiting Earth satellite histories
            Spacecraft models
            Rocket propulsion
***************
*** 164,172 ****

      6        Contacting NASA, ESA, and other space agencies/companies
        (See "space/addresses")
!            NASA Centers / Arianespace / CNES / ESA / NASDA / Soyuzkarta /
!            Space Camp / Space Commerce Corporation / Spacehab /
!            SPOT Image
            Other commercial space businesses

      7        Space shuttle answers, launch schedules, TV coverage
--- 166,174 ----

      6        Contacting NASA, ESA, and other space agencies/companies
        (See "space/addresses")
!            NASA Centers / Arianespace / CNES / ESA / NASDA / NPO Energia /
!            Soyuzkarta / Space Camp / Space Commerce Corporation /
!            Spacehab / SPOT Image
            Other commercial space businesses

      7        Space shuttle answers, launch schedules, TV coverage
***************
*** 281,286 ****
--- 283,289 ----
      [e-mail] (Gary Morris)            - amateur radio info
      [e-mail] (Terry Gaetz)        - N-body calculations,
        orbital dynamics
+     [e-mail] (George F. McQuary)        - nearby star refs
      [e-mail] (Steve Grandi)            - planetary positions
      [e-mail] (Dale M. Greer)   - constants
      [e-mail] (Henry Spencer)        - survival in vacuum,
***************
*** 315,320 ****
--- 318,324 ----
      [e-mail] (Pete Banholzer)    - Clementine
      [e-mail] (Peter Scott)        - RTGs
      [e-mail] (Paul W. Schleck)        - AMSAT, ARRL contact info
+     [e-mail] (Paul Tarr)        - Shuttle computer refs
      [e-mail] (Rodney Brown)        - propulsion refs
      [e-mail] (Ran Atkinson)        - FTPable astro. programs
      [e-mail] (R. Michael Jungclas)- models

============ Changes in FAQ.net ============
*** /tmp/old.net    Sun Apr  3 18:46:35 1994
--- /tmp/current.net    Sun Apr  3 18:46:35 1994
***************
*** 26,33 ****
      'group name'. The groups dealing most closely with space topics are
      called:

!        sci.astro - astronomy
!        sci.astro.* - various topic-specific subgroups
        alt.sci.planetary - planetary science. sci.space.science is
            probably a better group for most purposes.
        talk.politics.space - space politics. sci.space.policy is
--- 26,33 ----
      'group name'. The groups dealing most closely with space topics are
      called:

!        sci.astro - astronomy.
!        sci.astro.* - various topic-specific subgroups.
        alt.sci.planetary - planetary science. sci.space.science is
            probably a better group for most purposes.
        talk.politics.space - space politics. sci.space.policy is
***************
*** 34,46 ****
            preferred.
        sci.space.news - moderated, for mission status reports,
            news announcements, etc.
!        sci.space - general space discussion. To be removed soon, replaced
!            by:

-        sci.space.tech - moderated, technical/hardware issues
-        sci.space.science - moderated, space & planetary science
-        sci.space.policy - unmoderated, space policy
-
      Contributors 'post' submissions (called 'articles' in netnews
      terminology) on their local machine, which sends it to other nearby
      machines. Similarly, articles sent from nearby machines are stored
--- 34,45 ----
            preferred.
        sci.space.news - moderated, for mission status reports,
            news announcements, etc.
!        sci.space.policy - unmoderated, space policy.
!        sci.space.science - moderated, space & planetary science.
!        sci.space.shuttle - discussion specific to the space shuttle,
!            including launch/landing schedules and mission activities.
!        sci.space.tech - moderated, technical/hardware issues.

      Contributors 'post' submissions (called 'articles' in netnews
      terminology) on their local machine, which sends it to other nearby
      machines. Similarly, articles sent from nearby machines are stored
***************
*** 73,79 ****

      GPS Digest is a moderated list for discussion of the Global Positioning
      System and other satellite navigation positioning systems. Email to
!     [e-mail] to join.

      Space-investors is a list for information relevant to investing in
      space-related companies. Email Vincent Cate ([e-mail]) to join.
--- 72,80 ----

      GPS Digest is a moderated list for discussion of the Global Positioning
      System and other satellite navigation positioning systems. Email to
!     [e-mail] to join. A Usenet group,
!     sci.geo.satellite-nav, has been established to deal with terrestrial
!     applcations of satellite navigation.

      Space-investors is a list for information relevant to investing in
      space-related companies. Email Vincent Cate ([e-mail]) to join.
***************
*** 81,90 ****
      Space-tech is a list for more technical discussion of space topics;
      discussion has included esoteric propulsion technologies, asteroid
      capture, starflight, orbital debris removal, etc. Email to
!     [e-mail] to join. Archives of old digests and
!     selected excerpts are in

!        ftp://b.gp.cs.cmu.edu/usr/mnt/public/space-tech/

      or by email to space-tech-request if you don't have FTP access.

--- 82,91 ----
      Space-tech is a list for more technical discussion of space topics;
      discussion has included esoteric propulsion technologies, asteroid
      capture, starflight, orbital debris removal, etc. Email to
!     [e-mail] to join. Some archives (now somewhat
!     out of date, but still interesting) are in

!        ftp://ftp.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/usr/mnr/st

      or by email to space-tech-request if you don't have FTP access.

***************
*** 209,218 ****
        (This is a VMS FTP site, and the URL is non-functional).

      SHUTTLE MANIFEST
!        Ken Hollis ([e-mail]) posts a compressed version of
!        the Space Shuttle launch manifest to sci.space.shuttle. This
!        includes dates, times, payloads, and information on how to see
!        launches and landings. These files are in

            ftp://explorer.arc.nasa.gov/pub/SPACE/MANIFEST/

--- 210,219 ----
        (This is a VMS FTP site, and the URL is non-functional).

      SHUTTLE MANIFEST
!        Steven S. Pietrobon ([e-mail]) posts a
!        compressed version of the Space Shuttle launch manifest to
!        sci.space.shuttle. This includes dates, times, payloads, and
!        information on how to see launches and landings. These files are in

            ftp://explorer.arc.nasa.gov/pub/SPACE/MANIFEST/


============ Changes in FAQ.data ============
*** /tmp/old.data    Sun Apr  3 18:46:36 1994
--- /tmp/current.data    Sun Apr  3 18:46:36 1994
***************
*** 530,535 ****
--- 530,549 ----
      get a particular file.


+ GEOSPHERE PROJECT (FULL EARTH IMAGE)
+
+     Tom van Sant's GeoSphere Project has produced a very nice composite
+     image of the entire Earth (without clouds, so all the surface is
+     visible) by assembling thousands of Landsat images. This image is not in
+     the public domain; any digital copies made available by anonymous FTP
+     are illegal.
+
+     GeoSphere offers the image in a variety of printed forms (posters, mugs,
+     globes, etc.). Contact them at (800)-845-1522 for a catalog. They may be
+     willing to license the digital database for specific uses, contact them
+     for details.
+
+
  LANDSAT AND NASA PHOTOS

      You can get black-and-white 1:1M prints, negatives, or positives for

============ Changes in FAQ.math ============
*** /tmp/old.math    Sun Apr  3 18:46:37 1994
--- /tmp/current.math    Sun Apr  3 18:46:37 1994
***************
*** 491,497 ****
      the sci.astro.fits FAQ.


!     THREE-DIMENSIONAL STAR/GALAXY COORDINATES

      To generate 3D coordinates of astronomical objects, first obtain an
      astronomical database which specifies right ascension, declination, and
--- 491,497 ----
      the sci.astro.fits FAQ.


!     NEARBY STAR/GALAXY COORDINATES

      To generate 3D coordinates of astronomical objects, first obtain an
      astronomical database which specifies right ascension, declination, and
***************
*** 507,511 ****
--- 507,523 ----

        ftp://explorer.arc.nasa.gov/pub/SPACE/FAQ/ (files stars.data,stars.doc)

+     A potentially useful book along these lines is:
+
+        "Proximity Zero, A Writer's Guide to the Nearest 200 Stars (A
+            40-Lightyear Radius)"
+        Terry Kepner
+        ISBN # 0-926895-02-8
+
+     Available from the author for $14.95 + $2.90 shipping ($5 outside US):
+
+        Terry Kepner
+        PO Box 481
+        Petersborough, NH 03458

  NEXT: FAQ #5/13 - References on specific areas

============ Changes in FAQ.references ============
*** /tmp/old.references Sun Apr  3 18:46:38 1994
--- /tmp/current.references    Sun Apr  3 18:46:38 1994
***************
*** 43,49 ****
        Wide selection of Apollo, Shuttle, Viking, and Voyager slides at ~50
        cents/slide. Call for a catalog.

!     Hansen Planetarium (Utah)

        Said to hold sales on old slide sets. Look in Sky & Telescope
        for contact info.
--- 43,53 ----
        Wide selection of Apollo, Shuttle, Viking, and Voyager slides at ~50
        cents/slide. Call for a catalog.

!     Hansen Planetarium Publications
!     1845 South 300 West, # A
!     Salt Lake City, Utah 84115-1804
!     (801-483-5400) / (800)-321-2369
!     (801)-483-5484 (fax)

        Said to hold sales on old slide sets. Look in Sky & Telescope
        for contact info.
***************
*** 147,159 ****

      DC-X SINGLE-STAGE TO ORBIT (SSTO) PROGRAM

!     BMDO (formerly SDIO)'s SSRT (Single Stage Rocket Technology) project has
!     funded a suborbital technology demonstrator called DC-X that flew
!     successfully twice in late 1993.

!     The SSRT program has been moved from BMDO to ARPA, and its future is
!     uncertain. DC-X has attracted much interest on the net, and there is a
!     great deal of discussion taking place.

      An collection of pictures and files relating to DC-X is at

--- 151,165 ----

      DC-X SINGLE-STAGE TO ORBIT (SSTO) PROGRAM

!     BMDO SSRT (Single Stage Rocket Technology) project has funded a
!     suborbital technology demonstrator called DC-X that flew successfully
!     three times in August and September 1993.

!     The SSRT program has been moved from BMDO to ARPA, and may now move to
!     NASA. If funded, flight tests of DC-X will be completed, followed by a
!     building more capable test vehicles. With luck this would culminate in a
!     SSTO demonstrator in 5-6 years. DC-X and the SSTO concept have attracted
!     a great deal of interest on the net, and discussion continues.

      An collection of pictures and files relating to DC-X is at

***************
*** 247,252 ****
--- 253,281 ----
      various Orbiters.


+     MARS DIRECT / LUNAR DIRECT
+
+     Robert Zubrin and collaborators have developed several proposals for
+     near-term, low cost manned missions to Mars and the Moon. These
+     proposals center around the use of "indigenous propellants" to reduce
+     the mass which must be launched from Earth - for example, sending a
+     robotic "mining" vehicle to Mars before the astronauts arrive, which
+     would extract methane from the atmosphere for use on the return trip.
+     Some references are:
+
+        Zubrin, R. and Baker, D., "Mars Direct: A Simple, Robust, and Cost
+        Effective Architecture for the Space Exploration Initiative, AIAA
+        paper 91-0326, 29th Aerospace Science Meeting, Reno, Nevada, Jan.
+        7-10, 1991.
+
+        Zubrin, R. and Baker, D., "Humans to Mars in 1999", Aerospace
+        America, Aug. 1990, p. 30-32, 41.
+
+        Walberg, G., "Ho Shall We Go to Mars? A Review of Mission
+        Scenarios", Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 30, No. 2,
+        Mar.-Apr. 1993, p.129-139.
+
+
      ORBITING EARTH SATELLITE HISTORIES

      A list of Earth orbiting satellites (that are still in orbit) is in
***************
*** 259,266 ****
      References to plans, kits, building, and other information can be found
      in the Rec.Models.Rockets FAQ in the rec.models.rockets newsgroup.

!     A catalog of available models will be placed on the SPACE FAQ site
!     shortly.

      Saturn V and Saturn 1B plans (six 11"x17" blue print sheets) can be
      purchased from National Association of Rocketry Technical Service
--- 288,295 ----
      References to plans, kits, building, and other information can be found
      in the Rec.Models.Rockets FAQ in the rec.models.rockets newsgroup.

!     A catalog of available models is at
!        ftp://explorer.arc.nasa.gov/pub/SPACE/FAQ/ModelCatalog

      Saturn V and Saturn 1B plans (six 11"x17" blue print sheets) can be
      purchased from National Association of Rocketry Technical Service
***************
*** 268,279 ****

      Try the following for mail order purchases:

      Countdown Hobbies, 3 P.T. Barnum Square, Bethel, CT 06801-1838,
      203-790-9010 (voice), Send $2.50 for a catalog.

!        Countdown Hobbies has a great catalog of current production scale
!        plastic and flying model rocket kits. Huge number of space related
!        kits.

      Four Star Collectibles, PO Box 658, Dracut, MA  01826,
      603-635-7639 (voice), Send SASE for a catalog.
--- 297,315 ----

      Try the following for mail order purchases:

+     Collect-Aire Models, 166 Granville Lane, North Andover, MA 01845,
+     508-688-7283. Catalog: US$9 for 4 issues/year.
+
+        The Collect-Aire calalog contains their own resin/metal kits and a
+        large number of rockets/spacecraft (both real and science fiction)
+        from other manufacturers.
+
      Countdown Hobbies, 3 P.T. Barnum Square, Bethel, CT 06801-1838,
      203-790-9010 (voice), Send $2.50 for a catalog.

!        Countdown Hobbies specializes in rocket and spacecraft models with a
!        great catalog of current production scale plastic and flying model
!        rocket kits. Huge number of space related kits.

      Four Star Collectibles, PO Box 658, Dracut, MA  01826,
      603-635-7639 (voice), Send SASE for a catalog.
***************
*** 284,290 ****
      Lunar Models, 106 Century Drive, Cleburne, TX 76031,
      817-556-0296 (voice), 817-556-0298 (fax), Send $7.00 for catalog.

!        Lunar Models sells mainly science fiction movie character models
        (Lost in Space, Forbidden Planet, etc), but they also have very nice
        models of Voyager, HST, Viking, & Lunar Rover.

--- 320,326 ----
      Lunar Models, 106 Century Drive, Cleburne, TX 76031,
      817-556-0296 (voice), 817-556-0298 (fax), Send $7.00 for catalog.

!        Lunar Models primarily sells science fiction movie character models
        (Lost in Space, Forbidden Planet, etc), but they also have very nice
        models of Voyager, HST, Viking, & Lunar Rover.

***************
*** 294,305 ****
        SCI manufactures of prepainted laser cut cardboard model spacecraft.
        These are very nice models, just add glue.

!     The Planetary Society (sells Space Craft International models)
!     65 North Catalina Avenue, Pasadena, CA  91106  USA,
      818-793-1675 (voice), 800-966-7827 (fax continental US/Canada),
      818-793-5528 (fax international)

!     Ace Hobbies, 35 W31 St; 3rd floor, New York, NY 10001,
      212-268-4151

      Estes Industries, Penrose, CO  81240
--- 330,342 ----
        SCI manufactures of prepainted laser cut cardboard model spacecraft.
        These are very nice models, just add glue.

!     The Planetary Society, 65 North Catalina Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA,
      818-793-1675 (voice), 800-966-7827 (fax continental US/Canada),
      818-793-5528 (fax international)

!        The Planetary Society sells Space Craft International paper models.
!
!     Ace Hobbies, 35 West 31st St; 3rd floor, New York, NY 10001,
      212-268-4151

      Estes Industries, Penrose, CO  81240
***************
*** 315,320 ****
--- 352,359 ----

        "Fine Scale Modeler"

+        "Scale Modeler"
+
        "High Power Rocketry", PO Box 96, Orem, Utah, 84059-0096,
        (Compuserv 71161,2351), US$25.00 per year for US,
        US$38.00 for international.
***************
*** 326,347 ****
        "Model Rocketry Handbook", Stuart Lodge, England,
        128 pages, US$16.00.

!        "Space in Miniature #2: Gemini" Michael J. Mackowski,
!        34 pages, US$7.50.

!            Send US$7.50 + S&H to:
!            Michael J. Mackowski,
!            1621 Waterwood Lane,
!            St. Louis, MO 63146.

        "Rockets of the World", Peter Alway, 1992,
        384 pages, ISBN 0-9627876-1-2 (US$35 hardcover),
        ISBN 0-9627876-2-0 (US$28 softcover).

!            Successor to his book "Scale Model Rocketry" (no
!            longer in print). Includes details on more than 200
!            versions of 133 rockets from 14 countries, with
!            history, pictures, measurments, and paint schemes.

            Hard cover $35.00, soft cover $28.00 (wire bound).
            Add $2.50 for postage and handling,
--- 365,387 ----
        "Model Rocketry Handbook", Stuart Lodge, England,
        128 pages, US$16.00.

!        "Space in Miniature #1: Spacecraft Primer"
!        "Space in Miniature #2: Gemini"
!        "Space in Miniature #3: Shuttle"

!            Send US$7.50 (each book) + S&H to:
!            Michael J. Mackowski
!            7714 Aragorn Court
!            Harmans, MD  21076

        "Rockets of the World", Peter Alway, 1992,
        384 pages, ISBN 0-9627876-1-2 (US$35 hardcover),
        ISBN 0-9627876-2-0 (US$28 softcover).

!            Successor to "Scale Model Rocketry" (no longer in print).
!            Includes details on more than 200 versions of 133 rockets from
!            14 countries, with history, pictures, measurments, and paint
!            schemes.

            Hard cover $35.00, soft cover $28.00 (wire bound).
            Add $2.50 for postage and handling,
***************
*** 737,742 ****
--- 777,799 ----
      Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia,
      1993, 128 pages, ISBN 0-8094-7590-1,
      US $14.95.
+
+     Space Shuttle Avionics System
+     John F. Hanaway and Robert W. Moorehead
+     NASA SP-504
+     Available via:
+        Superintendent of Documents
+        U.S. Government Printing Office
+        Washington, DC 20402
+        Document #NAS 1.21:504.
+
+     This is an easily readable 62 page book that contains a wealth of
+     information including history, rationale, alternate designs considered,
+     design tradeoffs and descriptions of the Shuttle data processing system
+     (DPS) and its' associated Redundancy Management (RM) system and
+     philosophy. One of the authors is the former head of the NASA division
+     which developed the Shuttle DPS design.
+

      SETI COMPUTATION (SIGNAL PROCESSING)


============ Changes in FAQ.addresses ============
*** /tmp/old.addresses    Sun Apr  3 18:46:39 1994
--- /tmp/current.addresses    Sun Apr  3 18:46:39 1994
***************
*** 190,195 ****
--- 190,198 ----
      Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105, JAPAN
      [e-mail] (Public Relations Office)

+ NPO ENERGIA (Washington office)
+     Email: [e-mail]
+
  SOYUZKARTA
      45 Vologradsij Pr.
      Moscow 109125

============ Changes in FAQ.schedule ============
*** /tmp/old.schedule    Sun Apr  3 18:46:39 1994
--- /tmp/current.schedule    Sun Apr  3 18:46:39 1994
***************
*** 4,13 ****

      SHUTTLE LAUNCHINGS AND LANDINGS; SCHEDULES AND HOW TO SEE THEM

!     Ken Hollis ([e-mail]) posts a compressed version of the
!     Space Shuttle launch manifest to sci.space.shuttle. This includes dates,
!     times, payloads, and information on how to see launches and landings.
!     These files are in

            ftp://explorer.arc.nasa.gov/pub/SPACE/MANIFEST/

--- 4,13 ----

      SHUTTLE LAUNCHINGS AND LANDINGS; SCHEDULES AND HOW TO SEE THEM

!     Steven S. Pietrobon ([e-mail]) posts a compressed
!     version of the Space Shuttle launch manifest to sci.space.shuttle. This
!     includes dates, times, payloads, and information on how to see launches
!     and landings. These files are in

            ftp://explorer.arc.nasa.gov/pub/SPACE/MANIFEST/


============ Changes in FAQ.new_probes ============
*** /tmp/old.new_probes Sun Apr  3 18:46:41 1994
--- /tmp/current.new_probes    Sun Apr  3 18:46:41 1994
***************
*** 63,72 ****
            (Schedule last updated 7/22/92)


!     CLEMENTINE - Joint mission of the Strategic Defense Initiative
!     Organization and NASA to flight test sensors developed by Lawrence
!     Livermore for SDI. The spacecraft, built by the Naval Research Lab, was
!     launched on January 25 to a 400 km by 8300 km orbit of the Moon for a 2
      month mapping mission. Instruments onboard include UV to mid-IR imagers,
      including an imaging lidar that may be able to also obtain altimetric
      data for the middle latitudes of the Moon. In early May the spacecraft
--- 63,72 ----
            (Schedule last updated 7/22/92)


!     CLEMENTINE - Joint mission of the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization
!     (formerly SDIO) and NASA to flight test sensors developed by Lawrence
!     Livermore for BMDO. The spacecraft, built by the Naval Research Lab, was
!     launched on January 25 to a 425 km by 2950 km orbit of the Moon for a 2
      month mapping mission. Instruments onboard include UV to mid-IR imagers,
      including an imaging lidar that may be able to also obtain altimetric
      data for the middle latitudes of the Moon. In early May the spacecraft
***************
*** 73,79 ****
--- 73,83 ----
      will be sent out of lunar orbit toward a flyby (11 km/sec ?) of the 4 km
      x 1 km asteroid 1620 Geographos on August 31 at less than 100 km.

+     Clementine imagery and other data may be obtained from
+        ftp://clementine.s1.gov/pub/clementine/images
+        http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/clem

+
      EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM (EOS) - Multiple orbiting platforms to provide
      long-term data of Earth systems science including planetary evolution.
      First platform launch 1997?
***************
*** 279,290 ****

        o Clementine II
            Preliminary studies for a Clementine II mission have been done
!            by JPL. These studies envision a launch in July 1995, flyby of
!            the asteroid Eros on March 13, 1996, and flyby of the asteroid
!            Toutatis on October 4, 1996. Clementine would deply a probe to
!            impact Toutatis, and imagery and other measurements of the
!            impact crater and debris would help analyze the composition of
!            the asteroid.

        o Pluto Fast Flyby (PFF)
            Possible launch in 1999-2000 (if a 1996 new start is
--- 283,291 ----

        o Clementine II
            Preliminary studies for a Clementine II mission have been done
!            by JPL, APL, and NRL, envisioning multiple asteroid or
!            asteroid/comet encounters. No funding has been allocated for
!            such missions.

        o Pluto Fast Flyby (PFF)
            Possible launch in 1999-2000 (if a 1996 new start is

============ Changes in FAQ.controversy ============
*** /tmp/old.controversy    Sun Apr  3 18:46:41 1994
--- /tmp/current.controversy    Sun Apr  3 18:46:41 1994
***************
*** 291,296 ****
--- 291,306 ----
      the Face is best carried on in the altnet group alt.alien.visitors, not
      sci.space.* or sci.astro.

+     Two images of the Face are available in
+
+        ftp://explorer.arc.nasa.gov/pub/SPACE/FAQ/
+            Files 33a72pr, 33a72pr.GIF, 70a13pr, 70a13pr.GIF
+
+     These have been subjected to considerable image processing, and so
+     should not be used for scientific purposes, just casual viewing.
+
+     Some references:
+
      V. DiPeitro and G. Molenaar, *Unusual Martian Surface Features*, Mars
      Research, P.O. Box 284, Glen Dale, Maryland, USA, 1982. $18 by mail.


============ Changes in FAQ.groups ============
*** /tmp/old.groups    Sun Apr  3 18:46:42 1994
--- /tmp/current.groups Sun Apr  3 18:46:42 1994
***************
*** 81,92 ****
        interstellar missions. BIS has published a design study for an
        interstellar probe called _Daedalus_.

        British Interplanetary Society
        27/29 South Lambeth Road
        London SW8 1SZ
        ENGLAND
-
-        No dues information available at present.

      CSS - A federally-incorporated non-profit Canadian corporation. Inspired
        by the old L5 Society, its principal objective is to sponsor and
--- 81,94 ----
        interstellar missions. BIS has published a design study for an
        interstellar probe called _Daedalus_.

+        Membership #38/year (US $69), #26 (US $47) for ages 22 and younger
+        or 65 and older. I believe membership includes a subscription to
+        either _Spaceflight_ or _JBIS_ (choose one).
+
        British Interplanetary Society
        27/29 South Lambeth Road
        London SW8 1SZ
        ENGLAND

      CSS - A federally-incorporated non-profit Canadian corporation. Inspired
        by the old L5 Society, its principal objective is to sponsor and

============ Changes in FAQ.launchers ============
*** /tmp/old.launchers    Sun Apr  3 18:46:43 1994
--- /tmp/current.launchers    Sun Apr  3 18:46:43 1994
***************
*** 245,254 ****
               but no solid data that this is real program.

  *  OrbEx - Small all solid vehicle. "ORBital EXpress".     Firm
!               contract for SDIO MISTI payload launch.    Options for
               another 9 launches.  First launch planned 1994.    Cost
               per launch estimated at $ 10-15 M.  First launch for
!               SDIO, MISTI-4 payload, priced at $14.7 M, contract
               signed July 1992. Owned by International Microspace
               Inc. -- partnered with Conatec, Saab, and Bristol
               Aerospace.
--- 245,254 ----
               but no solid data that this is real program.

  *  OrbEx - Small all solid vehicle. "ORBital EXpress".     Firm
!               contract for BMDO MSTI payload launch.  Options for
               another 9 launches.  First launch planned 1994.    Cost
               per launch estimated at $ 10-15 M.  First launch for
!               BMDO, MSTI-4 payload, priced at $14.7 M, contract
               signed July 1992. Owned by International Microspace
               Inc. -- partnered with Conatec, Saab, and Bristol
               Aerospace.